Scarlet fever

Scarlet fever is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by Group A Streptococcus infection. Patients and carriers are the main sources of transmission. It is primarily spread through respiratory droplets and direct contact, but can also be transmitted indirectly through contaminated toys, utensils, hands, and food. Skin contact with the bacteria can also lead to infection.

The general population is susceptible, with preschool and school-age children being the most affected age group. The incubation period is generally 1 to 12 days, commonly 2 to 5 days. It typically begins with sudden onset fever and sore throat. Typical signs include a "strawberry tongue", diffuse red and fine rash, and peeling after the rash. The disease is generally mild, but it can lead to complications such as deep-seated infections or immune-mediated diseases (such as rheumatic fever).

Preventive measures focus on maintaining good personal and environmental hygiene, including regularly washing hands, especially before touching the face; covering the mouth and nose when sneezing or coughing and disposing of used tissues properly; ensuring indoor air circulation and regularly cleaning and disinfecting frequently touched surfaces; wearing a mask when experiencing respiratory symptoms and avoiding work or school, refraining from sharing utensils and towels, avoiding crowded public places, and seeking prompt medical attention.